电荷转移技术

电荷转移系统的定义

Darwin N. Sletten — 2012 年 8 月

电荷转移系统（CTS™）是一种旨在防止在保护区或区域内发生雷击的系统™。CTS从地球指定的保护区收集雷暴云产生的感应电荷，并通过电离器将该电荷转移到周围的空气中。浸入静电场中的尖点将电荷从电离器转移到空气中的过程称为点放电。由此产生的电离空气分子形成带电和不带电分子的混合物，称为空间电荷，其作用是在风暴单元和场地之间形成屏蔽层。由此产生的受保护地点和风暴云之间的电位差减小，从而延缓了从受保护地点向上流光的形成，并防止了直接撞击。

对比图

CTS 由一个或多个电离器、引下线和电荷收集器组成，如下所述。

电荷收集器是由接地电极和导体组成的互连系统，旨在收集电荷并将其输送到离子发生器。引下线在电荷收集器和电离器之间提供电气连接。电离器提供了一种发生点放电的方法。

根据 CTS 的设计目标，转移到空气中的电荷可以以以下两种模式之一起作用：

• 收集模式;为闪电引线建立首选导电路径。

• 预防模式;将电场强度降低到延迟从保护区形成向上流光的水平。

下面讨论的所有LEC防雷产品都具有CTS的功能。

• 耗散阵列™系统（DAS™）;是我们获得专利的 CTS 的名称。DAS 设计有不同多点电离器的组合，可在预防模式下运行。

• SBI 是一种多点电离器，可以与 DAS 一起部署，以在预防模式下运行。可以在没有 DAS 的情况下部署多个 SBI 单元，以便在 CTS 收集模式下运行。SBI 通常成组安装在高架结构上。

• SBT 是一种多点电离器，可以与 DAS 一起部署，以在预防模式下运行。可以在没有 DAS 的情况下部署多个 SBT，以便在 CTS 收集模式下运行。SBT 设计用于放置在屋顶和屋顶投影上，容易受到直接雷击。

• 离子等离子发生器 （IPG™） 是一种多点电离器™，仅在收集模式下运行。

使用适当间隔的电离点的电离电流

Darwin N. Sletten — 2012 年 8 月

花键球端子™ （SBT™）;是电荷转移系统（CTS）系列中的单点电离器。由于它的设计在装置上的电离点数量有限，因此它属于 CTS 操作的集合。如果点数显著增加并有效分布在更大的区域，则可将其归类为预防 CTS。通过对比测试，在单电离点空气终端和具有近电离点间距的多点电离器上，具有适当点间距的SBT（CTS）具有更大的电离能力。

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使用以下电离点配置进行测试：

1. 花键球端子 （SBT）。SBT 有 80 个电离点，它们间隔成一个球，每个电离点与其他电离点相距约 4 英寸。

2. 多电离点负离子发生器。该离子发生器具有数百个电离点，在半球配置中间隔大致。

3. 单电离点空气终端（避雷针 每个电离器都放置在同一个测试台上，顶部电离点设置在距离正电压源 7.5 英寸处。

增加电压以产生 0 至 75 kV/m 的局部电场，同时测量每个离散电压下的放电电流。 在 6 个不同的电压电平下记录测量值。比较图显示了每个电离器的放电电流和施加电场强度的比较。

负离子发生器的比较

如上图所示，随着电场强度的增加，SBT 产生的电离电流是空气终端产生的电离电流的 2.1 到 3.6 倍。同样，SBT 产生的电离电流是紧密间隔多点电离器的 1.2 到 1.6 倍。该测试表明，与其他具有近点间距的多点电离器相比，具有优化点间距的 SBT 显然具有更出色的电离能力，并且电离能力远优于单电离点。

CHARGE TRANSFER TECHNOLOGY

Definition of Charge Transfer System

Darwin N. Sletten — August 2012

A Charge Transfer System™ (CTS™) is a system intended to prevent a lightning strike from occurring within a protected zone or area. The CTS collects the induced charge developed by thunderstorm clouds from a designated protected area of the earth and transfers this charge through the ionizer into the surrounding air. The process whereby a sharp point immersed in an electrostatic field transfers charge from the ionizer into the air is known as point discharge. The resulting ionized air molecules form a mixture of charged and uncharged molecules known as space charge, which acts to form a shield between the storm cell and the site. The resulting difference in electrical potential between the protected site and the storm clouds is reduced thereby delaying the formation of an upward streamer from the protected site and preventing direct strikes.

Comparison Graph

The CTS consists of one or more ionizers, down conductor, and charge collector, as described below.

The charge collector is an interconnected system of grounding electrodes and conductor designed to collect and funnel electrical charge to the ionizers. The down conductor(s) provide the electrical connection between the charge collector and the ionizers. The ionizers provide a means for point discharge to occur.

Depending on the CTS design objectives, the charges transferred to the air can act in one of two modes as follows:

• Collection Mode; establishes a preferred conductive path for the lightning leader.

• Prevention Mode;reduces the electric field intensity to the level that delays the formation of an upward streamer from the protected area.

All LEC lightning prevention products, discussed below, function as CTS.

• Dissipation Array™ System (DAS™); is the name for our patented a CTS. The DAS is designed with a combination of different multipoint ionizers to function in the Prevention Mode.

• SBI's are a multipoint ionizer that can be deployed along with DAS to function in the Prevention Mode.  Multiple units of SBIs can be deployed without DAS to function in the CTS Collection Mode. SBI's are normally mounted in groups on elevated structures.

• SBTs are a multipoint ionizer that can be deployed along with DAS to function in the Prevention Mode.; Multiple SBTs can be deployed without DAS to function in the CTS Collection Mode.; SBT's are designed to be placed on roofs and roof projections subject to a direct lightning strike.

• Ion Plasma Generators™ (IPG™) are a multipoint ionizer that functions only in the Collection Mode.

Ionization Current Using Properly Spaced Ionizing Points

Darwin N. Sletten — August 2012

A Spline Ball Terminal™ (SBT™); is a single multipoint ionizer in the Charge Transfer System (CTS) family. Because it is designed with a limited number of ionizing points on the unit, it falls into the collection of CTS operation. If the number of points were increased significantly and distributed effectively over a larger area, it may be classified in the prevention of the CTS. A comparative test was conducted to illustrate the greater ionization capability of the SBT (CTS) with proper point spacing over a single ionizing point air terminal and a multipoint ionizer with close ionizing point spacing.

Testing was performed using the following ionizing point configurations:

1. The Spline Ball Terminal (SBT). The SBT has 80 ionizing points which are spaced into a ball with each ionizing point separated from the others by approximately 4 inches.

2. Multi ionizing-point ionizer. This ionizer has several hundred ionizing points spaced approximately apart in a hemispheric configuration.

3. A single-ionizing-point air terminal (lightning rod Each ionizer was placed in the same test bed with the top ionizing point set 7.5 inches from the positive voltage source.

The voltage was increased to produce a local electric field from 0 to 75 kV/m while the discharge current was measured at each discrete voltage. Measurements were recorded at 6 different voltage levels. The Comparison graph shows a comparison of the discharge current and applied electric field strength for each ionizer.